The issue of reparations for African Americans is a complex and deeply debated topic in the United States. Reparations refer to compensation or redress for historical injustices, particularly slavery, segregation, and systemic racism that have disproportionately affected African Americans. While there is no single path to achieving reparations, here are some steps and strategies that individuals, organizations, and communities can consider:

1. Advocacy and Awareness

• Educate the Public: Raise awareness about the history of slavery, Jim Crow laws, redlining, and other systemic injustices that have contributed to racial disparities.

• Support Reparations Movements: Join or support organizations and movements advocating for reparations, such as the National African American Reparations Commission (NAARC) or the National Coalition of Blacks for Reparations in America (N'COBRA).

• Engage in Public Discourse: Write op-eds, participate in interviews, and use social media to amplify the conversation about reparations.
  

2. Political Engagement

White women have been the biggest beneficiaries of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in the workplace.  source

Explanation

Leadership roles: White women have been promoted to C-suite positions at a higher rate than other racial and gender groups. 

Pay: White women are often the best compensated in DEI roles.

source

Social networks: White women's professional and social networks with white male executives have helped them gain access to leadership roles. 

Research finds that one in five US police have anti-Black bias

Researchers at the University of Miami looked into the key question:

How pervasive is racial bias among police, specifically?

Sociologist Jomills H. Braddock II, Recent graduate Rachel Lautenschlager; Alex Piquero, chair of the Department of Sociology and Arts and Sciences Distinguished Scholar; and Nicole Leeper Piquero, professor of sociology and associate dean, together tried to answer that question.

One in five officers show high levels of pro-white or anti-Black bias

Piquero says that the answer should give everybody pause. Their survey of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) results of 4.8 million adults, including 8,000 police officers, gave them a rich source of data.

The New Deal, introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s to combat the Great Depression, had both positive and negative impacts on racial minorities. While it aimed to provide economic relief and reform, it also reflected and sometimes reinforced existing racial inequalities. source

Exclusion from Programs: Many New Deal programs, such as Social Security and the National Labor Relations Act, excluded agricultural and domestic workers, who were predominantly African American and Latino.

Discriminatory Practices: Despite efforts to include minorities, systemic racism and segregation often limited the effectiveness of these programs. For example, the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) reduced farm production, which disproportionately affected black sharecroppers. source

Job Losses: Policies like the National Industrial Recovery Act led to job losses for many African Americans, particularly in the South.

Overall, while the New Deal made some strides towards racial inclusion, it was not able to fully overcome the entrenched racial order of the…

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• Start with Family Records: Collect information from family members, old photographs, letters, and family documents. Talk to relatives, especially the older ones, and record their stories and memories.

• Utilize Online Genealogy Databases: Websites like Ancestry.com, FamilySearch.org, and MyHeritage.com offer vast databases of genealogical records, including birth, marriage, death certificates, census records, and more.

The question of loyalty among different Black communities, such as Caribbean, African immigrants, and descendants of American slaves, involves a complex web of historical, cultural, and social factors. source

There are nuanced differences in their experiences due to the specific conditions of slavery in different regions, leading to distinct cultural identities and sometimes perceived disconnection between groups; it's important to recognize the diversity within the Black community and not generalize loyalty based solely on geographical origin of their ancestors. source

Key points to consider:

• Different slave trade experiences: While all Black people in the Americas are descendants of enslaved Africans, the specific regions in Africa they were taken from, the conditions on slave ships, and the plantation systems in the Caribbean versus the US created distinct cultural variations within the Black community. 
  

• Cultural variations: Caribbean cultures often have a stronger blend of African traditions mixed with European and indigenous influences, while African American…

American slaves were bred through forced sexual relations between male and female slaves. This breeding was intended to result in pregnancies to reproduce slave children as essential stock for trade.

This often involved coerced sexual relations and forced pregnancies. The goal was to increase the number of enslaved people without the cost of purchasing them, especially after the importation of enslaved Africans was banned.

A 1662 law in Virginia, known as partus sequitur ventrem.

Partus sequitur ventrem was a legal doctrine in colonial Virginia and other English crown colonies in the Americas. It defined the legal status of children born there, mandating that children of enslaved mothers would inherit their mother's status as enslaved individuals.

Offering incentives: In some cases, enslaved individuals were given small rewards (e.g., food, privileges, or slight reductions in labor) for having children.

Manipulating living conditions: Slaveholders sometimes deliberately placed more men and women together in…

Documentation on slavery in America includes legal and personal documents related to slavery in the United States. These documents include items such as probate records, vital records, tax records, and other types of documents found in court order books and county deed books. Additionally, there is a collection of life histories compiled by writers during the New Deal era. source, source, source

Documentation on slavery in America These documents include sales, escapes, and emancipations of enslaved people from colonial times through the Civil War. source

Other relevant documentation includes probate records, vital records, tax records, and other types of documents found in court order books and county deed books. The Library of Congress also contains digital collections with primary source materials related to slavery, including photographs, documents, and sound recordings. source #reparations

See also: How to prove you're a descendent of American slaves

While some Jews did participate in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, they did not dominate it. source

Historians have found that Jewish involvement in the slave trade was limited and comparable to that of other groups. Claims that Jews played a disproportionate role in the enslavement of African Americans have been largely debunked by scholars. source

For example, Eli Faber's book, "Jews, Slaves and the Slave Trade," argues that Jews were engaged in the slave trade no more and no less than merchants of other backgrounds. Similarly, Saul S. Friedman's book, "Jews and the American Slave Trade," also addresses and refutes exaggerated claims about Jewish involvement. source

Those who make the case that Jews dominated the slave trade include Louis Farrakhan, leader of the Nation of Islam, and David Duke, the former Ku Klux Klan grand wizard.